The hills have been continuously inhabited by tribes like Kharwars, Oraons and Cheros, whose descendants still populate the various villages. The condition of most of these tribes which once formed the ruling classes of the famous Hill Forts is today described by extreme backwardness and poverty.  Reconstructing the History of the tribes including Kharwars and Oraons is another interesting historical research task, in which much yet remains to be done.

Along with Kharwars, the Oraons also inhabit the Kaimur Hills, and in their legends regard the Rohtasgarh Fort as their original residence and seat of rule. Oraon songs have made references to the battles fought by their tribesmen to secure the Rohtas fort from invaders. It is believed that the Oraons migrated from the Rohtas fort in large numbers to other parts of Jharkhand, after losing to the invaders. The fort was held by the Hindu rulers, till it was conquered by the Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri in 1539 A.D. The name of the last Hindu ruler is not clear, but is mentioned as Chandra Ban by Buchanan.

To be continued....