Menstrual cramps, or dysmenorrhea, are cramping pains in the lower abdomen. A lot of women experience cramps just before or during their periods.

Some of the common causes of period pain are  -

📌Release of prostaglandins, a chemical that promotes uterine contractions.

📌High levels of prostaglandins can lead to excruciating cramping and pain during menstruation.

📌Endometriosis is an underlying condition, where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it. This can lead to severe pain and discomfort.

📌Adenomyosis is a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus grows into the muscular wall causing intense pain and cramping.

📌Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), is an infection of the female reproductive system, which usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the womb, ovaries or fallopian tube.

📌Uterine fibroids, which are noncancerous growths in the uterus, can cause pain and discomfort during menstruation.

📌Hormonal imbalance and birth control methods can also contribute to menstrual cramps.

📌Lack of exercise, stress, and poor diet are other factors that cause pain. 

Sources - https://www.healthkart.com/connect/what-to-eat-during-periods-and-what-to-avoid/

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https://www.healthxchange.sg/women/urology/period-menstrual-cramps-best-foods