Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is a fundamental right that guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty. It states:

"Protection of Life and Personal Liberty: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law."

Article 21 is a crucial provision that ensures the fundamental right to life and personal liberty for all individuals in India. It emphasizes that no person can be deprived of their life or personal liberty except in accordance with the procedure established by law. This means that any deprivation of life or personal liberty must be done through a lawful process, such as a fair trial or in accordance with a valid law.

The interpretation of Article 21 has evolved over time to encompass a broader range of rights and protections. The Supreme Court of India has recognized that the right to life includes various facets such as the right to live with dignity, the right to health, the right to clean environment, the right to privacy, and the right to livelihood, among others. The court has also held that personal liberty includes aspects such as freedom from unlawful detention, freedom from torture or cruel treatment, and freedom of movement.

Article 21 is considered one of the most important provisions in the Indian Constitution as it safeguards the basic rights and freedoms of individuals and serves as a foundation for the protection of human rights in India.

Source: ChatGPT