It’s generally recommended not to give cow’s milk to babies under one year old. The primary reason is that cow’s milk lacks the appropriate amounts of iron, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids needed for an infant’s development, which can lead to deficiencies. Moreover, cow’s milk contains high concentrations of proteins and minerals which are difficult for an infant to digest and may put a strain on their immature kidneys. Additionally, cow’s milk can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, as it can irritate the lining of the stomach and intestines, reducing the absorption of iron from other foods. There’s also the risk of triggering an allergic reaction, as cow’s milk is a common allergen. You can use small amount of cow's milk for cooking but should not be given as a drink for under 1 year old babies.

For babies under one year, the best substitute for breast milk is formula specifically designed to mimic the nutritional profile of human milk. These formulas are fortified with the appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals, and fats necessary to support a baby’s growth and development. If breastfeeding isn’t an option, using a formula approved by pediatricians is advisable. After a baby reaches the age of one, their digestive system has matured enough to start digesting cow’s milk, and it can then be introduced gradually. Always consult with a pediatrician or healthcare provider for advice tailored to a specific child’s health needs and nutritional requirements.