Has the War in Gaza Led to a Sour Relationship Between Israel and Europe?

The ongoing conflict in Gaza has undeniably strained Israel's relationships with many European countries, provoking unprecedented levels of criticism from European leaders. This shift comes after a period of strong support for Israel following the Hamas attacks on October 7, 2022, which resulted in over 1,200 Israeli deaths and more than 250 hostages. As Israel's military response intensified, particularly against Hamas and Hezbollah, European governments began to reassess their stances.

European leaders have increasingly voiced concerns over Israel's military actions, labeling them as disproportionate and potentially in violation of international law. Hugh Lovatt from the European Council on Foreign Relations notes that current tensions represent a significant departure from earlier support for Israel. As retaliatory strikes in Gaza have led to a staggering death toll—over 42,000 according to local health authorities—European nations have started distancing themselves.

Leaders from countries like France, Italy, Ireland, and Spain have been especially vocal. French President Emmanuel Macron has emphasized that “Netanyahu must not forget that his country was created by a decision of the UN,” a statement that triggered immediate backlash from Israel, highlighting rising tensions.

In response to the conflict, several European nations have reconsidered arms sales to Israel. Italy has suspended new military export licenses while affirming Israel's right to self-defense but insisting on compliance with international humanitarian law. Meanwhile, discussions among EU members regarding a review of Israel’s Association Agreement are gaining traction, aimed at addressing perceived human rights violations.

Tensions escalated further when Israeli military operations began targeting UN peacekeeping bases in southern Lebanon, where European troops are stationed. This alarmed European capitals, as it endangered their military personnel and prompted calls for accountability and adherence to international norms.

While there is increasing criticism, it is important to note that the EU is not monolithic. Germany maintains a strong arms relationship with Israel, viewing its security as essential to its foreign policy.