Silk weaving flourished in Varanasi between the 16th and 18th centuries when the Mughal dynasty ruled over India. The Mughals were known for their lavish taste in architecture, food, and clothing. They were also great patrons of the arts, including weaving.

During the Mughal era, silk weaving in Varanasi reached new heights of excellence. The Mughals brought with them Persian and Central Asian designs, which were incorporated into Indian designs to create new and unique patterns. The Mughal emperors and their nobles were fond of wearing silk clothes, including Banarasi silk sarees, and they also commissioned elaborate carpets and tapestries made of silk.

The Mughal emperors also encouraged the growth of silk production in India, particularly in Varanasi. They provided patronage to silk weavers and established workshops to produce high-quality silk fabrics. The Mughal era saw the establishment of the "Guldasta" system, which encouraged weavers to create new and innovative designs. This system provided incentives to weavers who came up with new designs and motifs, and it helped to establish Varanasi as a hub of silk weaving.

Today, Banarasi silk sarees are still woven using many of the same techniques and designs that were popular during the Mughal era. The intricate designs, zari work, and vibrant colors make these sarees a favorite among women all over the world.

The Mughal era was a golden age for silk weaving in Varanasi. The patronage of the Mughal emperors and their nobles helped to establish Varanasi as a center of excellence for silk weaving. Today, Banarasi silk sarees continue to be a symbol of luxury and elegance, and they are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of India.