In a groundbreaking experiment, the Chandrayaan-3's Propulsion Module (PM) has transitioned from Lunar to Earth orbit, showcasing ISRO's innovative approach. Originally tasked with ferrying the Lander module to the lunar orbit, the PM, after separation, operated the SHAPE payload for Earth observation, extending its mission life.

Precise orbit injection and optimal burn maneuvers left over 100 kg of fuel in the PM after lunar operations. ISRO decided to leverage this fuel for additional lunar mission insights, leading to the re-orbiting of the PM to a suitable Earth orbit, ensuring safety measures for collision avoidance.

Maneuvers initiated on October 9 raised apolune altitude, increasing the orbit period. A Trans-Earth Injection (TEI) maneuver on October 13 propelled the PM on a trajectory involving four Moon fly-bys before departing the Moon's sphere of influence on November 10. The PM currently orbits Earth, with SHAPE payload operations ongoing.

ISRO's flight dynamics team developed an analysis tool for this unique operation, currently undergoing validation through return maneuvers. The operation's main outcomes include trajectory planning, gravity-assisted flybys, and avoiding uncontrolled crashing, contributing to future mission planning and execution.

Chandrayaan-3, launched on July 14, 2023, achieved its primary objectives, demonstrating a soft landing near the lunar south polar region and conducting experiments with instruments on Vikram and Pragyaan. The mission, comprising an indigenous Lander module, Propulsion module, and Rover, showcased new technologies for interplanetary missions.

ISRO's innovative approach to repurpose the PM for Earth observation highlights the agency's commitment to pushing the boundaries of space exploration.