The term "literature" originates from the Latin word meaning "epistles" and pertains specifically to the written word. Communication through language holds immense power and symbolism, and writing is no exception. The earliest known texts can be traced back several millennia to Mesopotamia, although it is believed that writing developed independently on various continents. The initial piece of literature attributed to a specific author consists of certain prayers penned by the priestess Ur in Sumeria, located in Mesopotamia.

Literature encompasses poetry, essays, novels, dramas, traditional tales, myths, and legends, among other forms of written expression. It is commonly categorized into fiction and non-fiction, although this distinction can sometimes be inadequate as certain narratives incorporate elements of both, particularly within traditional tales and myths.