Statuary is another ancient artistic expression, tracing back to some of the earliest civilizations. However, unlike painting, this medium involves the production of artwork in three dimensions. The materials utilized can encompass anything from organic to synthetic substances - including clay, metal, bronze, marble, and timber, as well as found objects from an artist's daily life.

Various techniques can be employed in the creation of sculptures, such as sculpting, casting, assembling, and carving.

Sculptures can exist as freestanding, autonomous structures, or they can be fashioned in relief, where the form emerges from a background. An illustration of a freestanding sculpture is Christ the Redeemer (1931) in Rio de Janeiro, crafted by Paul Landowski.