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Screening is used to detect precancerous changes or early cancers before signs or symptoms of cancer occur. Scientists have developed, and continue to develop, tests that can be used to screen a person for specific types of cancer before signs or symptoms appear. The overall goals of cancer screening are to:
Reduce the number of people who die from the cancer, or completely eliminate deaths from the cancer
Reduce the number of people who develop the cancer
Learn more about the basics of cancer screening.
The following tests and procedures may be used to screen for cervical cancer:
1. HPV test.
This test is done on a sample of cells removed from the cervix, the same sample used for the Pap test (see below). This sample is tested for the strains of HPV most commonly linked to cervical cancer. HPV testing may be done by itself or combined with a
Pap test. This test may also be done on a sample of cells collected from the vagina, which a person can collect on their own.
2. Pap test.
The Pap test has been the most common test for early changes in cells that can lead to cervical cancer. This test is also called a Pap smear.
A Pap test involves gathering a sample of cells from the cervix. It is often done at the same time as a bimanual pelvic exam as part of a gynecologic checkup. A Pap test may be combined with an HPV test.
3. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA).
VIA is a screening test that can be done with a few tools and the naked eye. During VIA, a dilution of white vinegar is applied to the cervix. The health care provider then looks for abnormalities on the cervix, which will turn white when exposed to vinegar. This screening test is very useful in places where access to medical care is limited.
Screening for cervical cancer can be done during an appointment with a primary care doctor or a gynecologic specialist. In some areas, free or low-cost screening may be available.
Sources - https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/screening-and-prevention
Photo Credits -
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12216-cervical-cancer